Lens design skills for film and television production I

1. Lens stand planning

Slot planning is an important part of situation scheduling for micro film directors or photographers. In the process of stand planning, it involves the orientation of the subject, the motion orientation of the subject, the viewpoint of photography, the orientation of machine erection, the number of stand erection, the matching and harmony between stands, etc.

Nanjing film and television manufacturing

(1) basic type of stand planning

As mentioned earlier, a picture can be divided into two 180 ° areas in space, and nine stands can be set on one side of the 180 ° range of the axis.

The parking space planning can be divided into five different combinations, and the detailed characteristics are as follows.

① general viewpoint No. 7 (see Fig. 2-18). It is located at the apex of the triangular stand, which is the general photographing direction of the scene, as well as the main position lens and contact lens of the scene. The photographing pictures are mainly in the panorama series, and the double lens corresponding to the field of vision can clarify the relationship between the characters and the relationship between the characters and the environment. The processing of this orientation is the basis and foundation of other lenses, light and scheduling. In taking photos, we should first confirm its orientation, and then confirm other aircraft positions and off-axis aircraft positions.

② parallel azimuth 1 and 4. Parallel to stand 7 (coaxial) and parallel to the artist, take pictures of the front or side of an artist, and the scenery is mostly medium and close range series. It is coaxial with azimuth 7, so it is easy to connect with azimuth 7 picture to produce jumping. It should be used carefully, and this jumping can be used to form an impact force.

③ external reverse shooting viewpoints No. 2 and No. 6, also known as over shoulder lens and partial contact lens, double picture. The artist in the long view faces the lens with his back. The artist in the back view is the main body of the picture, and the scenes are mostly medium shot or close-up. In general, the orientation, spacing and field of view of two people in the picture should match. For example, in the previous picture, a is on the left, and in the latter picture, a should still be on the left.

④ internal reverse shooting viewpoint No. 3 and No. 5, also known as forward shot and reverse shot, single picture, each picture only reflects one artist, and the scene is generally dominated by close-up. The vision is opposite and corresponding to each other. The closer the photographic picture is to the axis, the stronger the sense of participation and communication of the characters in the picture. On the contrary, the worse it is. It is the key position to finish the narrative, outstanding characters and shape the image.

⑤ ride axis orientation 8 and 9. Riding axis or visual axis lens, also known as forward and reverse lens. Single lens, internal reverse shooting orientation, camara viewpoint back-to-back, both artists are front lenses, the visual axis direction and the axis direction are common or coincide, and close-up is generally used. The lens is a one-sided Camilla viewpoint, which represents the one-sided viewpoint of artists outside the lens and the sense of communication and participation. It is also an important lens to finish narration and portray characters. The lens can also form the other two directions in the opposite direction of two people, which can make up for positions 8 and 9.

(2) planning skills for single stand photography, double stand photography and multi stand photography

In the process of taking photos, micro film creation can use single camera, double camera and multi camera to take photos synchronously. It is mainly planned according to the photographing content and actual needs.

The adoption of multi stand photography mainly depends on the following factors.

First, the film is multi character, the internal situation scheduling of the same scene is messy, and the movements change greatly. In order to capture the movements, expressions, emotions and other details of different targets in time, adhere to the matching of space, orientation and light, and the circulation connection of movements, it is often necessary to adopt multi position photography;

Second, although the film has few characters, it has a more chaotic action situation or situation scheduling, such as some action plays, fighting plays, chasing plays, song and dance plays, sports plays, and perhaps non repeatable destructive and difficult situations. In order to make the action show more detailed and wonderful, it is necessary to take photos with multiple positions;

Third, in order to be outstanding in some subjects, actions, characters and emotions, it is often necessary to take photos in multiple positions in the processing of some heavy scenes, so as to make the reflected content more connected, outstanding, delicate plot, rich characters and wonderful situation.

In the process of photographing, due to the constraints of manufacturing costs, equipment conditions, photographers and other factors, many micro film creators often take photos with a single machine, but they can form the role of multi machine photographing through repeated photographing. The situation of single machine photographing with multiple stands should also follow the principle of multiple viewpoints and multiple sides. One situation and one scene can change different viewpoints, heights, scene types and orientations for photographing, so as to obtain rich picture effects. For example, in the case of stand-alone photography of character movement or character dialogue, it is first necessary to confirm the lens of the general viewpoint, and then take this as the reference point for the planning and repeated photography of auxiliary stand lens. To take pictures of the face-to-face dialogue between two people, it is necessary to confirm the contact lens of a general point of view, and then take pictures of the actions, expressions and reactions of the two people's dialogue, such as external reflection and internal reflection, and riding stand. It can also take pictures from the opposite direction to make up for the lens. When using a stand-alone camera, the action, field of vision, movement direction, objects and scenery of the characters in the picture should be consistent before and after. It is not easy to change, otherwise it is easy to help. Pictures with large fluctuation of character movement or pictures with long action process can be shot at multiple key positions in the same situation to ensure at least one panoramic contact and spatial positioning lens. If the character moves out of the picture area, it is necessary to re plan the contact lens head, so that the necessary picture movement can be eliminated through the planning of multiple positions, Moreover, it can ensure the matching of screen actions.

Similarly, the principle of double stand photography is similar. In a scene, it is also necessary to determine the general viewpoint, plan the connection or spatial positioning lens, and then use the dual machine to synchronously plan the character dialogue or character action in the scene, so that the telephone position can be planned according to the dialogue content. The action of photographed characters can be decomposed by decomposing the action according to the front section, middle section and back section; Perhaps the difference in the way of scene classification is that the two scene images are connected before and after, and finally the action switching and connection are carried out through arrangement to ensure the accurate and circulation of action connection, avoid repetition and save time.

Generally, the photography of the three stands is the overall situation with many people and messy scheduling. In the stand planning, one machine is used as the general viewpoint to take photos and confirm the benchmark for the situation scheduling. The other two machines are divided according to the detailed characters, actions and details. Each machine is used to capture the picture from one direction. The two machines take photos in groups in a symmetrical or paired manner, Finally, the three stands are arranged together according to the content. The photography of single stand, double stand and multi stand should be combined with the actual situation, as well as the detailed content and actual needs, rather than multiple stands for the sake of multiple stands. The expected effect can be achieved only through reasonable and effective planning.

Article source: Jiangmen film and television production http://www.sjttv.com